@curzey linked the right documentation. analytics.publish only passes the payload to Web Pixels (sandboxed tracking scripts) on the same page. It is not stored anywhere by design.
It is just made available to merchants (custom pixels) and partners (app pixels) for further processing and tracking, through third party services, like Google Analytics or any backend server.
If you’d like your app to retrieve this data in the admin, you’ll have to setup your own backend to store the data for that shop and retrieve it in the admin.