CLI command 'shopify app deploy' fails when deploying extensions

I’m trying to deploy my app via the shopify-cli with an admin extension and it is failing with a non-specific error.

$ shopify app deploy
╭─ info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│                                                                              │
│  Using .env.dev for default values:                                          │
│                                                                              │
│    • Org:             <org>                                                  │
│    • App:             <name>                                                 │
│    • Include config:  Yes                                                    │
│                                                                              │
│   You can pass `--reset` to your command to reset your app configuration.    │
│                                                                              │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯


Releasing a new app version as part of <name>

          <ext-name> │ Bundling UI extension <ext-name>...
          <ext-name> │ <ext-name> successfully built


╭─ error ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│                                                                              │
│  Version couldn't be created.                                                │
│                                                                              │
│  There was an error creating an app version.                                 │
│                                                                              │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

I have narrowed it down to a problem deploying the extension by removing the extensions directory entirely and then the deploy command works as expected.

Generating a single brand new extension via shopify app generate extension (Admin action → TypeScript React), making no additional changes to the generated code, and running shopify app deploy results in the same error.

I have run the command with --verbose and the node environment variable DEBUG=* for any additional information about the error and nothing stands out as useful.

$ node --version
v20.18.0

$ npm --version
10.8.2

$ shopify --version
@shopify/cli/3.80.7 darwin-arm64 node-v20.18.0

I can provide any other information that could be useful including my specific app or dev store ID if someone can check anything on the backend.

Any help would be appreciated!